> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://rootea.es/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# OverGraph

> Verified writeups for the OverGraph machine of Hack The Box

# OverGraph

<p className="machine-summary"><span className="prompt"><code>\$ tldr</code></span> Open redirect → XSS chain → JS file inspection → privesc</p>

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  | ·                | ·                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
  | ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
  | Operating system | Linux                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
  | Difficulty       | Hard                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
  | Vector           | <span className="vbadge vbadge-web">Web</span>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
  | IP               | `10.10.11.157`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
  | Retirement date  | 2022-08-06                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
  | Skills           | Virtual Hosting Information Leakage Open Redirect Exploitation Open Redirect to XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) - Playing with eval/atob Open Redirect + XSS evasion technique to fetch an external resource (1st way) \[Not working at all] XSS Exploitation - Loading encoded URL document.body.innerHTML external file (2nd way) \[Success] Subdomain Enumeration - Gobuster JS File Inspection - Information Leakage API Enumeration Abusing API - Attempting to register a new user NoSQL Injection - OTP Code Bypass Abusing API - We have been able to register a new user Abusing CHAT - A user checks our links Abusing CHAT - Link Inspection + Open Redirect + XSS Creating a malicious JS file - Controlling the flow of requests JWT Inspection Creating a Bash script to enumerate valid users through the API Abusing API - We found 3 valid users Inspecting the LocalStorage LocalStorage Headers Manipulation - Attempting to impersonate a user \[Failed] LocalStorage Headers Manipulation - Assigning admin privileges to our user LocalStorage Headers Manipulation - We found a new file upload field File Upload Attempt (No admintoken header present) \[Failed] CSTI (Client Side Template Injection) Exploitation Stored/Reflected XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) Attack - AngularJS AngularJS XSS + LocalStorage Data Fields Exfiltration GraphQL Enumeration Abusing GraphQL - Basic Enumeration (Listing the name of all the types being used) Abusing GraphQL - Extracting all the types and it's arguments Abusing GraphQL - Causing errors to list sensitive data Abusing GraphQL - Enumerating Database Schema via Introspection GraphQL Voyager - Visualizing the data through Introspection Abusing GraphQL - Creating our own queries in order to list users information Abusing LocalStorage - User Impersonation (ID included) \[Success] OpenRedirect + XSS + CSTI + JS Malicious File + GraphQL Concatenaed Attack - Stealing adminToken We managed to obtain the adminToken by updating the profile using the previous attack Abusing File Upload - FFmpeg Exploitation External SSRF and Local File Read via video upload due to vulnerable FFmpeg HLS processing Creating specially designed m3u8 and avi files Local File Read - Data Exfiltration through FFmpeg exploitation FFmpeg exploitation - Reading SSH private key (user id\_rsa) Gaining access via SSH as the user 'user' Abusing Node Project - Manipulating the service logic to inject commands as root \[Unintentional way] We were able to assign SUID privileges to the system bash |
</div>

## Writeups

| Language | Author      | Format | Link                                                                        |
| -------- | ----------- | ------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 🇪🇸 ES  | **S4vitar** | Vídeo  | [Open](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYVf2KVXyFI)                         |
| 🇬🇧 EN  | **0xdf**    | Texto  | [Open](https://0xdf.gitlab.io/2022/08/06/htb-overgraph.html)                |
| 🇬🇧 EN  | **IppSec**  | Vídeo  | [Open](https://www.youtube.com/@ippsec/search?query=HackTheBox%20OverGraph) |

## Skill resources

Curated documentation for each technique listed in the *Skills* column above. Sources: HackTricks, GTFOBins, PortSwigger, etc.

| Skill                       | Source      | Link                                                                                                              |
| --------------------------- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Subdomain Enumeration       | HackTricks  | [Open](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/generic-methodologies-and-resources/external-recon-methodology/index.html) |
| Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)  | HackTricks  | [Open](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/xss-cross-site-scripting/index.html)                        |
| Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)  | PortSwigger | [Open](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting)                                                 |
| Information Leakage         | HackTricks  | [Open](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/information-leak.html)                                      |
| SQL Injection               | HackTricks  | [Open](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/sql-injection/index.html)                                   |
| SQL Injection               | PortSwigger | [Open](https://portswigger.net/web-security/sql-injection)                                                        |
| File Upload Vulnerabilities | PortSwigger | [Open](https://portswigger.net/web-security/file-upload)                                                          |
| Directory fuzzing           | HackTricks  | [Open](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/index.html)                     |
| GraphQL Vulnerabilities     | PortSwigger | [Open](https://portswigger.net/web-security/graphql)                                                              |
| Server-Side Request Forgery | HackTricks  | [Open](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/index.html)                |
| SUID binaries               | GTFOBins    | [Open](https://gtfobins.github.io/#+suid)                                                                         |
| Remote Code Execution (RCE) | HackTricks  | [Open](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/command-injection.html)                                     |
| JSON Web Tokens (JWT)       | PortSwigger | [Open](https://portswigger.net/web-security/jwt)                                                                  |

## Related skills worth mastering

Sudo abuse · linPEAS · Local File Inclusion (LFI) · Remote File Inclusion (RFI) · Shellshock (CVE-2014-6271)

## If you liked this machine, try

* [Dab](/en/htb/machines/linux/dificil/dab) — Linux, Hard
* [Player](/en/htb/machines/linux/dificil/player) — Linux, Hard
* [Bank](/en/htb/machines/linux/facil/bank) — Linux, Easy
* [Bart](/en/htb/machines/windows/medio/bart) — Windows, Medium
* [Hackback](/en/htb/machines/windows/insano/hackback) — Windows, Insane

***

## Comments & tips

Did the official writeup not work? Found a smarter trick? Share it here — comments live in [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/FFuson/HTB_Writeups/discussions).

<div className="rootea-giscus-wrap" data-giscus-term="machine:overgraph" data-giscus-lang="en" />

*Last updated: 2026-06-07*

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